Hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic agro-forest based biomass residues

To increase the understanding of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) lignocellulosic biomass residues, four feedstocks: giant bamboo, coffee wood, eucalyptus, and parchment, were studied. The effect operating conditions on products in terms yield, composition energy densification quantified. Each feedstock was treated for 3 h at temperatures 180, 200, 220 240 °C. For all samples, higher heating value (HHV), fixed carbon content density increased with increasing reaction severity, while volatile matter mass yield decreased. HHV hydrochar samples obtained ≥220 °C range 24.6–29.2 MJ kg−1 indicated high potential these materials fuel applications. yields varied 46.5–56.9%, exception where lower values 34.4–46.0% obtained. from 33.8% to 53.0%. HTC liquor had pH 2.9–4.4 due organic acids. results used model evaluate different industrial-scale simulation cases. overall efficiency similar within studied biomasses. integration a bio-fired power plant allows simplification process also bringing gains. All biomasses appear be suitable value-added generation through treatment. Coffee which have received little research consideration previously, responded well.